Penelitian ini mengkaji kesalahan tutur dalam debat calon presiden pertama tahun 2024 antara Joe Biden dan Donald Trump berdasarkan teori Clark dan Clark (1977). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kesalahan tutur yang dibuat oleh kedua kandidat dan menganalisis faktor-faktor kognitif dan sosial yang memengaruhi kesalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data berupa ujaran yang diperoleh melalui proses menonton debat, meninjau transkrip, mengedit transkrip, memilih ujaran, mengidentifikasi kategori, menuliskan kode, meninjau kode dan kategori, serta mencari tema dan temuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat total 280 ujaran yang mengandung kesalahan tutur, dan sembilan jenis kesalahan tutur berhasil diidentifikasi: silent pauses, filled pauses, repeats, false starts (unretraced), false starts (retraced), corrections, interjections, stutters, and slips of the tongue. Ditemukan pula bahwa faktor kognitif menjadi penyebab utama sebagian besar kesalahan, seperti kesulitan dalam mengambil kata, merencanakan kalimat, atau merumuskan ujaran. Namun, beberapa kesalahan juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial, terutama saat menyampaikan pernyataan yang bersifat emosional atau persuasif.


Deskripsi Lain

This study investigates speech errors in the first 2024 U.S. presidential debate between Joe Biden and Donald Trump, based on Clark and Clark’s (1977) theory. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of speech errors produced by the two candidates and to analyze the cognitive and social factors influencing those errors. The study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data is in the form of utterances and it was done by watching the debate, reviewing the transcripts, editing the transcripts, selecting the utterances, identifying the categories, writing codes, reviewing the codes and categories, and looking for themes and findings. The results show a total of 280 utterances are found containing speech errors and nine types of speech errors were identified: silent pauses, filled pauses, repeats, false starts (unretraced), false starts (retraced), corrections, interjections, stutters, and slips of the tongue. It is also revealed that cognitive factors were the main cause of most errors, such difficulty in word retrieval, sentence planning, speech formulation. However, several errors were also influenced by social factors, especially in emotionally intense persuasive contexts.

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