ABSTRACT Dental and alveolar plosives are acoustically treated as similar sounds and it is very rare for a single language to have both types of the sound. For that reason, the International Phonetic Association still does not provide separate symbols for dental plosives. As consequent, many researchers variously used different IPA symbols to phonetically represent dental plosives in Madurese. Therefore, this present study is conducted in an attempt to investigate how dental and alveolar plosives are represented phonetically in the Madurese dictionaries. This study was conducted by using qualitative design. This study addressed three related research questions: 1) What IPA symbol used by Madurese lexicographers to represent dental and alveolar plosive sounds in Madurese dictionaries? 2) Why are the symbols used to represent dental and alveolar plosive sounds in Madurese dictionaries? 3) How well do the symbols represent dental and alveolar plosive sounds of Madurese words in Madurese dictionaries? Content analysis was used to gather the data needed for the first research question. Interview with the lexicographers of the dictionaries was conducted to get the data needed for the second research question. Phonetic transcriptions reading-test was conducted to get the data needed for the third research question. All the collected data was analyzed by interactive model data analysis. The results of this study show that dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the different IPA symbols in the Madurese dictionaries. In one dictionary, dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the symbols [t d dh] and [ʈ ɖ ɖh] respectively. In the other dictionary, dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the same symbols [t d dh]. The absence of the separate symbols for dental plosives in the IPA chart and the lexicographer’s intention to distinguish dental from alveolar plosive sounds become the primary reasons why dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the symbols [t d dh] and [ʈ ɖ ɖh] respectively in the first dictionary. The similarity and the interchangeability of dental and alveolar plosives in Madurese become the primary reasons why dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the same symbols [t d dh] in the second dictionary. The results of this study also suggest that both IPA symbols of dental and alveolar plosives used in the two dictionaries are still unable to effectively help the readers to distinguish dental from alveolar plosive sounds in Madurese while using the dictionaries. That is to say that the IPA symbols of dental and alveolar plosives in Madurese dictionaries are not quite well to represent the sounds. Keywords: Dental Plosives, Alveolar Plosives, IPA Symbols, Madurese Dictionaries.


Deskripsi Lain

ABSTRACT Dental and alveolar plosives are acoustically treated as similar sounds and it is very rare for a single language to have both types of the sound. For that reason, the International Phonetic Association still does not provide separate symbols for dental plosives. As consequent, many researchers variously used different IPA symbols to phonetically represent dental plosives in Madurese. Therefore, this present study is conducted in an attempt to investigate how dental and alveolar plosives are represented phonetically in the Madurese dictionaries. This study was conducted by using qualitative design. This study addressed three related research questions: 1) What IPA symbol used by Madurese lexicographers to represent dental and alveolar plosive sounds in Madurese dictionaries? 2) Why are the symbols used to represent dental and alveolar plosive sounds in Madurese dictionaries? 3) How well do the symbols represent dental and alveolar plosive sounds of Madurese words in Madurese dictionaries? Content analysis was used to gather the data needed for the first research question. Interview with the lexicographers of the dictionaries was conducted to get the data needed for the second research question. Phonetic transcriptions reading-test was conducted to get the data needed for the third research question. All the collected data was analyzed by interactive model data analysis. The results of this study show that dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the different IPA symbols in the Madurese dictionaries. In one dictionary, dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the symbols [t d dh] and [ʈ ɖ ɖh] respectively. In the other dictionary, dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the same symbols [t d dh]. The absence of the separate symbols for dental plosives in the IPA chart and the lexicographer’s intention to distinguish dental from alveolar plosive sounds become the primary reasons why dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the symbols [t d dh] and [ʈ ɖ ɖh] respectively in the first dictionary. The similarity and the interchangeability of dental and alveolar plosives in Madurese become the primary reasons why dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically represented by the same symbols [t d dh] in the second dictionary. The results of this study also suggest that both IPA symbols of dental and alveolar plosives used in the two dictionaries are still unable to effectively help the readers to distinguish dental from alveolar plosive sounds in Madurese while using the dictionaries. That is to say that the IPA symbols of dental and alveolar plosives in Madurese dictionaries are not quite well to represent the sounds. Keywords: Dental Plosives, Alveolar Plosives, IPA Symbols, Madurese Dictionaries.

• THE PHONETIC REPRESENTATION OF DENTAL AND ALVEOLAR PLOSIVES IN MADURESE: A STUDY OF PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIONS USED IN MADURESE DICTIONARIES