Ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) memiliki potensi sebagai pestisida nabati dan mampu untuk mengendalikan penyakit pada tanaman tomat. Salah satu penyakit utama pada tanaman tomat adalah Fusarium oxysporum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun sirsak dan daun papaya dengan konsentrasi tertentu mampu menekan pertumbuhan jamur terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 konsentrasi, yiutu 0%, 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 15% pada masing-masing ekstrak, dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Pengamatan secara in vitro dilakukan 1 hari setelah inokulasi sampai jamur Fusarium oxysporum pada perlakuan kontrol memenuhi cawan petri. Sedangkan pengamatan seacara in vivo dilakukan selama masa generatif tanaman yaitu 30 hari setelah tanam. Data yang diperoleh meliputi uji metabolit sekunder, diameter pertumbuhan koloni, presentase daya hambat koloni, tingkat keterjadian serangan dan tingkat keparahan penyakit yang dianalisis dengan ANSIRA taraf 5% dan jika hasil signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJD dengan taraf keteiltian 5%. Pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak dan daun pepaya dengan konsentrasi 15% efektif untuk menekan pertumbuhan diameter dan daya hambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur Fusarium oxysporum secara in vitro sedangkan secara in vivo pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak dan daun pepaya dengan konsentrasi 10% dan 15% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam mengatasi serangan penyakit layu Fusarium oxysporum dengan presentase tingkat keparahan sebesar 13% dan 3%.


Deskripsi Lain

Soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) and papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) have potential vegetable pesticides and are able to control diseases in tomato plants. One of the main diseases in tomato plants is Fusarium oxysporum. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of soursop leaf extract and papaya leaf extract with a certain concentration in suppressing fungal growth against Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum) on tomato plants. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 concentrations, namely 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15% for each extract, carried out in vitro and in vivo. In vitro observations were carried out 1 day after inoculation until the Fusarium oxysporum fungus in the control treatment filled the petri dish. Meanwhile, in vivo observations were carried out during the vegetative period of the plant, which was 30 days after planting. The data obtained included secondary metabolite tests, colony growth diameter, percentage of colony inhibition, attack occurrence rate and disease severity which were analyzed by ANSIRA level 5% and if the results were significant, continued with BNJD test with 5% accuracy level. Administration of soursop leaf extract and papaya leaf extract with a concentration of 15% was effective in suppressing the growth of diameter and inhibition of growth of Fusarium oxysporum fungal colonies in vitro, while in vivo administration of soursop leaf and papaya leaf extract with concentrations of 10% and 15% was the best treatment in overcoming Fusarium oxysporum wilt attack with a severity percentage of 13% and 3%, respectively.