Sistem pentanahan sangat penting dalam memastikan keamanan dan keandalan operasional jaringan listrik industri. Gangguan seperti kegagalan isolasi dan kebocoran arus ke tanah dapat merusak peralatan dan membahayakan keselamatan pekerja. Arus listrik dengan frekuensi 50-60 Hz, tegangan >50 V dan arus 1-100 mA, dapat memicu gangguan fatal seperti fibrilasi jantung. Untuk mengurangi resiko perhatian pada tegangan sentuh, tegangan langkah, ground potential rise (GPR) dan resistansi pentanahan sangatlah penting. Penerapan standar IEEE 80-2000 sangat direkomendasikan untuk melindungi dari bahaya tersebut, dengan standar resistansi pentanahan ≤1 Ω. Nilai resistansi antara 0,05-0,27 Ω dari pengukuran, 0,22 Ω dari perhitungan dan 0,42 Ω dari simulasi telah memenuhi persyaratan ini. Perbandingan perhitungan aktual dan simulasi ETAP dengan metode FEM menunjukkan kesesuaian tegangan sentuh, tegangan langkah yang lebih relevan yaitu 0,12 %. GPR yang cukup tinggi 7136,6 V pada perhitungan dan 6530,3 V pada simulasi, dapat diturunkan dengan menambah elektroda rod. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola grid segitiga memberikan hasil terbaik dengan tegangan sentuh 23,2 V, tegangan langkah 1038,9 V, GPR 4551,4 V dan resistansi 0,29 Ω. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi dalam perencanaan dan pengoptimalan sistem pentanahan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan dan efisiensi operasional lokasi penelitian.


Deskripsi Lain

The grounding system is very important in ensuring the safety and reliability of industrial power grid operations. Faults such insulation failure and ground leakage can damage equipment and endanger worker safety. Electric current with a frequency of 50-60 Hz, voltage >50 V and current 1-100 mA can trigger fatal disturbances such cardiac fibrillation. To reduce the risk, attention to touch voltage, step voltage, ground potential rise (GPR) and grounding resistance is very important. The implementation of the IEEE 80-2000 standard is highly recommended to protect against these hazards, with a grounding resistance standard of ≤1 Ω. Resistance values between 0.05-0.27 Ω from measurements, 0.22 Ω from calculations and 0.42 Ω from simulations have met these requirements. Comparison of actual calculations and ETAP simulations with the FEM method shows the suitability of the touch voltage, the more relevant step voltage is 0.12%. GPR is quite high 7136.66 V in calculations, 6530.3 V in simulations can be reduced by adding rod electrodes. The results showed that the triangular grid pattern gave the best results with a touch voltage of 23.2 V, a step voltage of 1038.9 V, a GPR of 4551.4 V and a resistance of 0.29 Ω. This study can be a reference in planning and optimizing grounding systems to improve the safety and operational efficiency of the research location.

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