Partai politik merupakan instrumen utama dalam pelaksanaan demokrasi dan perwujudan hak politik warga negara. Namun dalam praktik ketatanegaraan, negara sering melakukan pembatasan terhadap keberadaan partai politik melalui berbagai regulasi, seperti persyaratan pendirian partai politik, verifikasi partai politik, dan ambang batas parlemen. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan persoalan konstitusional mengenai apakah pembatasan keberadaan partai politik dapat dibenarkan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan serta bagaimana batasan hak politik warga negara diterapkan dalam sistem demokrasi di berbagai negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konstitusionalitas pembatasan keberadaan partai politik dalam perspektif hak politik warga negara serta mengkaji pembatasan keberadaan Partai Politik di Kamboja, Singapura, dan Indonesia.rnPenelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach).rnHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan keberadaan partai politik pada prinsipnya dapat dibenarkan secara konstitusional sepanjang dilakukan berdasarkan Undang-Undang, memiliki tujuan yang sah, bersifat proporsional, serta tidak menghilangkan esensi hak politik warga negara. Pembatasan tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menjaga stabilitas politik, efektivitas pemerintahan, dan penyederhanaan sistem kepartaian dalam sistem demokrasi presidensial. Namun, pembatasan yang berlebihan berpotensi melanggar prinsip demokrasi dan hak asasi manusia karena dapat mengurangi ruang partisipasi politik warga negara. Dalam perspektif perbandingan, Kamboja menunjukkan model pembatasan yang cenderung represif terhadap oposisi politik, Singapura menerapkan pembatasan secara legal-institusional melalui desain sistem politik dan hukum, sedangkan Indonesia menerapkan pembatasan dalam kerangka demokrasi konstitusional dengan tetap memberikan jaminan terhadap hak politik warga negara berdasarkan UUD NRI Tahun 1945.


Deskripsi Lain

Political parties are the primary instruments in the implementation of democracy and the realization of citizens’ political rights. However, in constitutional practice, the state often imposes restrictions on the existence of political parties through various regulations, such requirements for the establishment of political parties, political party verification, and parliamentary thresholds. This condition raises constitutional issues regarding whether restrictions on the existence of political parties can be justified under statutory regulations and how the limitations on citizens’ political rights are applied within democratic systems in various countries. This research aims to analyze the constitutionality of restrictions on the existence of political parties from the perspective of citizens’ political rights, well to examine the limitations on political rights in Kamboja, Singapura, and Indonesia.rnThis research employs a normative legal research method using conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches.rnThe results of the study indicate that restrictions on the existence of political parties can, in principle, be constitutionally justified long they are imposed based on law, pursue legitimate objectives, are proportional, and do not eliminate the essence of citizens’ political rights. These restrictions are intended to maintain political stability, governmental effectiveness, and the simplification of the party system within a presidential democratic system. However, excessive restrictions have the potential to violate democratic principles and human rights because they may reduce citizens’ opportunities for political participation. From a comparative perspective, Kamboja demonstrates a model of restrictions that tends to be repressive toward political opposition, Singapura applies legal-institutional restrictions through its political and legal system design, while Indonesia implements restrictions within the framework of constitutional democracy while still guaranteeing citizens’ political rights under the 1945 Constitution.

• KONSTITUSIONALITAS PEMBATASAN KEBERADAAN PARTAI POLITIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK POLITIK WARGA NEGARA