Sistem pengelolaan rapor digital di sekolah menengah kejuruan, termasuk di SMKN 1 Sidayu, masih mengandalkan arsitektur basis data terpusat yang rentan terhadap manipulasi nilai oleh pihak internal maupun eksternal, sebagaimana terkonfirmasi pada kasus "Cuci Rapor" SMPN 19 Depok (2024). Ketiadaan mekanisme audit trail permanen dan verifikasi digital otomatis menyebabkanproses pengecekan keaslian rapor oleh mitra industri memakan waktu 3–5 hari kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menguji prototipe sistem keamanan berlapis berbasis blockchain sebagai security layer tambahan di atas sistem e-Rapor existing, tanpa mengubah struktur database maupun mengganggu sinkronisasi Dapodik. Metode pengembangan menggunakan model Waterfall termodifikasi, dengan subjek uji coba berupa prototipe full-stack (frontend, backend Node.js/Express, smart contract Solidity di jaringan Ganache) serta validasi oleh ahli sistem informasi/blockchain. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan smart contract dengan fungsi catatNilai() dan verifikasiNilai() berhasil dideploy dan memproses 10 transaksi dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100%, serta mampu mendeteksi manipulasi data secara otomatis melalui mekanisme hash mismatch, menghasilkan audit trail permanen yang lebih unggul dibanding sistem existing (log 30 hari). Namun, peningkatan efisiensi operasional (reduksi waktu verifikasi dan downtime) masih bersifat proyeksi karena pengujian terbatas pada lingkungan simulasi lokal, belum pada skala produksi dengan pengguna nyata maupun integrasi langsung ke API Dapodik. Penelitian merekomendasikan pengujian multi-node, mekanisme konsensus ringan (PoA/PBFT), serta audit keamanan smart contract formal untuk tahap lanjutan.


Deskripsi Lain

Digital report card management systems in vocational high schools, including SMKN 1 Sidayu, still rely on centralized database architectures vulnerable to grade manipulation by both internal and external actors, confirmed by the 2024 "Cuci Rapor" (grade laundering) case at SMPN 19 Depok. The absence of a permanent audit trail and automated digital verification mechanism causes manual authenticity checks by industry partners to take 3-5 working days. This study aims to design and test a blockchain-based layered security prototype an additional security layer over the existing e-Rapor system, without altering the database structure disrupting Dapodik synchronization. The development method uses a modified Waterfall model, with test subjects consisting of a full-stack prototype (frontend, Node.js/Express backend, Solidity smart contract on a Ganache network) validated by information systems/blockchain experts. Test results show that the smart contract, with catatNilai() and verifikasiNilai() functions, was successfully deployed and processed 10 transactions with a 100% success rate, and was able to automatically detect data manipulation via a hash-mismatch mechanism, producing a permanent audit trail superior to the existing system's 30-day log retention. However, improvements in operational efficiency (reduced verification time and downtime) remain projections, testing was limited to a local simulation environment rather than a production scale with real users direct integration with the Dapodik API. The study recommends multi-node testing, lightweight consensus mechanisms (PoA/PBFT), and formal smart contract security audits for future work.

• Implementasi Teknologi Blockchain dalam Sistem Pengelolaan Rapor Digital Untuk Menjamin Keamanan dan Validitas Data Akademik