Proses pengisian dan penutupan botol pada umumnya masih menggunakan sistem berbasis rotary. Meskipun mampu melakukan otomatisasi, sistem ini kerap menghadapi kendala seperti ketidaktepatan posisi botol saat proses capping, sehingga tutup botol tidak terpasang sempurna. Ketidakstabilan ini berdampak pada kualitas produk dan menurunkan efisiensi produksi. Sebagai solusi, penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem filling and capping otomatis berbasis linear motion. Sistem linear dipilih karena kemampuannya menghasilkan gerakan presisi dan terarah, memungkinkan botol berhenti tepat pada stasiun pengisian dan penutupan. Untuk mengatur kecepatan dan posisi konveyor, diterapkan metode kontrol Proportional Integral Derivative (PID). Algoritma PID berfungsi sebagai sistem kontrol tertutup yang mengurangi error, menghaluskan gerakan, dan menjaga kestabilan sistem. Encoder digunakan sebagai perangkat umpan balik untuk membaca posisi aktual motor stepper penggerak konveyor, kemudian dibandingkan dengan setpoint dan diproses oleh PID untuk menghasilkan sinyal kendali. Sistem juga dilengkapi dengan flowmeter guna mengukur volume cairan secara akurat, serta gripper untuk menjepit botol agar tidak ikut berputar saat proses penutupan. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi solusi alternatif yang efisien dalam otomatisasi pengemasan berbasis linear motion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kontrol Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) berbasis umpan balik encoder mampu mengendalikan posisi sistem linear motion dengan rata-rata error sebesar 0,068 cm tanpa overshoot. Parameter PID terbaik diperoleh pada nilai Kp 2,5, Ki 1,5, dan Kd 1,0. Pengujian fungsional menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan mekanisme meja putar sebesar 70%, sistem pengisian air sebesar 100%, mekanisme feeder tutup botol sebesar 50%, dan mekanisme press tutup botol sebesar 60%, sehingga sistem mampu menjalankan proses pengisian dan penutupan botol secara otomatis sesuai dengan fungsi yang dirancang.


Deskripsi Lain

The bottle filling and capping process generally still uses rotary-based systems. Although such systems are capable of providing automation, they often encounter problems such inaccurate bottle positioning during the capping process, resulting in improperly attached bottle caps. This instability affects product quality and reduces production efficiency. As a solution, this study develops an automatic filling and capping system based on linear motion. The linear system was selected because of its ability to produce precise and controlled movements, allowing bottles to stop accurately at the filling and capping stations. To control the speed and position of the conveyor, a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control method was implemented. The PID algorithm functions a closed-loop control system that reduces error, smooths movement, and maintains system stability. An encoder is used a feedback device to detect the actual position of the stepper motor driving the conveyor, which is then compared with the setpoint and processed by the PID controller to generate a control signal. The system is also equipped with a flowmeter to accurately measure the volume of liquid and a gripper to hold the bottle in place so that it does not rotate during the capping process. This research is expected to provide an efficient alternative solution for automated packaging based on linear motion. The results show that the implementation of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control with encoder feedback is capable of controlling the position of the linear motion system with an average error of 0.068 cm without overshoot. The best PID parameters were obtained at Kp 2.5, Ki 1.5, and Kd 1.0. Functional testing showed success rates of 70% for the rotary table mechanism, 100% for the water filling system, 50% for the bottle cap feeder mechanism, and 60% for the bottle cap pressing mechanism. Thus, the system is capable of performing the automatic bottle filling and capping processes according to the designed functions.

• Implementasi PID pada Sistem Pengisian dan Penutupan Botol secara Linear Motion