Masyarakat (LSM) idealnya dibentuk secara sukarela oleh masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembangunan serta meningkatkan taraf hidup dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun dalam realitas implementasinya, terjadi penyimpangan peran di mana beberapa oknum LSM melakukan tindak pidana pemerasan dengan modus pengancaman terhadap aparatur desa maupun instansi pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implementasi serta efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pemerasan yang dilakukan oleh oknum LSM oleh Kepolisian Resor Kabupaten Sumenep berdasarkan Pasal 368 dan atau Pasal 482 UU No. 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris (yuridis sosiologis) dengan pendekatan eksplanatoris guna menjelaskan hubungan sebab-akibat dan fenomena penegakan hukum di lapangan. Data primer diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi dan wawancara langsung dengan narasumber dari Kepolisian Resor Sumenep, Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kabupaten Sumenep, serta Kepala Desa. Data sekunder mencakup bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, serta bahan hukum sekunder seperti buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen terkait. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi penegakan hukum oleh Kepolisian Resor Kabupaten Sumenep terhadap oknum LSM telah berjalan melalui serangkaian tindakan penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Namun, efektivitas penegakan hukumnya masih dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor struktural dan substansial, seperti faktor hukum itu sendiri, kesiapan penegak hukum, keterbatasan sarana dan fasilitas pendukung, serta budaya hukum masyarakat di Kabupaten Sumenep. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi teoritis bagi referensi hukum pidana, serta masukan praktis bagi aparat penegak hukum dan pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap aktivitas LSM.rnKata Kunci: Efektivitas Hukum, Pemerasan, Oknum LSM, Kepolisian Resor Sumenep.


Deskripsi Lain

ABSTRACT Ideally, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are established voluntarily by the community to actively participate in development and to improve the living standards and welfare of society. However, in their implementation, deviations in their roles have occurred, whereby certain individuals affiliated with NGOs have committed the criminal offense of extortion through threats against village officials and educational institutions. This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation and effectiveness of law enforcement against the criminal offense of extortion committed by individuals affiliated with NGOs by the Sumenep Regency Police, based on Article 368 and/or Article 482 of Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The type of research used is empirical legal research (socio-legal research) with an explanatory approach aimed at explaining causal relationships and law enforcement phenomena in practice. Primary data were obtained through documentation studies and direct interviews with informants from the Sumenep Regency Police, the National Unity and Political Affairs Agency of Sumenep Regency, well village heads and members of the community. Secondary data consisted of primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, well secondary legal materials such books, scientific journals, and related documents. The data were analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results of the research indicate that the implementation of law enforcement by the Sumenep Regency Police against individuals affiliated with NGOs has been carried out through a series of investigation and inquiry measures. However, the effectiveness of law enforcement has not yet been optimal, it is influenced by societal factors and the legal culture in Sumenep Regency. Therefore, increased supervision of NGO activities is necessary to prevent criminal acts of extortion and to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement. Keywords: Legal Effectiveness, Extortion, NGO Individuals, Sumenep Regency Police.