ABSTRACT Pratita, Kurnia, Angger, Eka. 11.05.1.1.1.00009. Afghan’s Class Stratification in Khaled Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed Thesis. English Study Program of Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Advisor: Diva Wenanda, S.S., M.Pd. This study uses the third book of Khaled Hosseini, entitled And The Mountains Echoed. This novel has a complicated plot. It was looks like a collection of short stories that all center on an event in the life of brother and sister, namely Abdullah and Pari, which ripped them apart. The novel also seen as document reflected the real condition of Afghans. Therefore, this study focuses on Marxism that criticized capitalism system that divided society into two stratification of social class based on their power in economic and politic. The power leads a part of society become the dominant and the others as the dominated. Because of unbalance condition in society as the dominated, finally they take some action to struggle to be dominant. This study was conducted by qualitative research, the writer was the key instrument and the data were described in the form of words. Consequently, the utterances of some characters and the narration of narrator that related to class stratification and class struggle are used to reveal the elaboration of Afghan’s class struggle. Hence the data collection was done simultaneously with the data analysis. After the study has been done, it uncovers Afghan’s society divided into two. Those were the upper class and the lower class. The upper class in Afghanistan through And The Mountain Echoed different to industrialized society, where the owner of the factories as the upper class and the physical labors as the lower class. The master, the landlord, and the religious leader are the upper class, then become the dominant. Meanwhile, the lower class is the servant and the villager, they are the dominated. This study also reveals that the dominated finally take some action to response due to oppression of the dominant. There are five responses of Afghans towards the class stratification reflected in the novel. Those are hard work, be adopted children, fight, migration, and get an education. Keywords: Afghanistan, Marxism, Class Stratifications, Class Conflict


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ABSTRACT Pratita, Kurnia, Angger, Eka. 11.05.1.1.1.00009. Afghan’s Class Stratification in Khaled Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed Thesis. English Study Program of Faculty of Social and Cultural Sciences, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Advisor: Diva Wenanda, S.S., M.Pd. This study uses the third book of Khaled Hosseini, entitled And The Mountains Echoed. This novel has a complicated plot. It was looks like a collection of short stories that all center on an event in the life of brother and sister, namely Abdullah and Pari, which ripped them apart. The novel also seen as document reflected the real condition of Afghans. Therefore, this study focuses on Marxism that criticized capitalism system that divided society into two stratification of social class based on their power in economic and politic. The power leads a part of society become the dominant and the others as the dominated. Because of unbalance condition in society as the dominated, finally they take some action to struggle to be dominant. This study was conducted by qualitative research, the writer was the key instrument and the data were described in the form of words. Consequently, the utterances of some characters and the narration of narrator that related to class stratification and class struggle are used to reveal the elaboration of Afghan’s class struggle. Hence the data collection was done simultaneously with the data analysis. After the study has been done, it uncovers Afghan’s society divided into two. Those were the upper class and the lower class. The upper class in Afghanistan through And The Mountain Echoed different to industrialized society, where the owner of the factories as the upper class and the physical labors as the lower class. The master, the landlord, and the religious leader are the upper class, then become the dominant. Meanwhile, the lower class is the servant and the villager, they are the dominated. This study also reveals that the dominated finally take some action to response due to oppression of the dominant. There are five responses of Afghans towards the class stratification reflected in the novel. Those are hard work, be adopted children, fight, migration, and get an education. Keywords: Afghanistan, Marxism, Class Stratifications, Class Conflict

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